Dashanami Sampradaya or Dasanami, literally Tradition of Ten Names (Dasa meaning ten and Naama meaning name in Sanskrit), is a Hindu monastic tradition of Ekadandis or wandering renunciates carrying a single staff or stick of knowledge, generally associated with the Advaita Vedanta tradition. It is supposed that they differ in their practices from the tridandi-sannyasis (who carry a triple staff) or Vaishnava sannyasis. The tridandi sanyasis keep the sacred thread on, upon accepting renunciation, while the Ekadandis often do not wear the sacred thread upon accepting renunciation.
The Ekadandi vedantins aim for moksha as the existence of the self in its natural condition indicated by the destruction of all its specific qualities. Any Hindu, irrespective of class, caste, age or gender can seek Sanyasa as an Ekadandi monk under the Dashanami tradition.
The Ekadandis or Dasanamis had established monasteries in India and Nepal in ancient unknown times [3]. After the decline of Buddhism, a section of the Ekadandis were organized by Adi Shankara in the 8th century in India to be associated with four mutts to provide a base for the growth of hinduism. However, the association of the dasanamis with the Shankara mutts remained a nominal one.

Hindus who take up sanyasa in the Ekadandi tradition take up one of the ten names associated with this sampradaya.
1.    Saraswati
2.    Tirtha
3.    Aranya
4.    Bharati
5.    Ashrama
6.    Giri: The Kriya Yoga tradition comes under the Giri order.
7.    Parvata
8.    Sagara
9.    Vana
10.  Puri

However, it is to be noted that the association of the Ekadandis with the above mathas is only a nominal one. One of the reasons for the nominal affiliation is believed to stem from the understanding of varna Varna in Hinduism as supposedly fixed by birth by the Shankara mutts, while the Dasanamis continue to allow anyone seeking Sanyasam into their fold irrespective of caste or gender. An example, is the Kriya Yoga tradition that admits anyone irrespective of caste, creed, sex and religion.

Adi Shankara (Sanskrit: आदि शङ्करः (788 - 820), also known as Sankara Bhagavatpadacarya and Adi Sankaracarya was an Indian philosopher from Kaladi in present day Eranakulam district, Kerala who consolidated the doctrine of advaita vedanta. His teachings are based on the unity of the atman and brahman non-dual brahman, in which brahman is viewed as nirguna brahman, brahman without attributes.

Shankara travelled across the Indian subcontinent to propagate his philosophy through discourses and debates with other thinkers. He is reputed to have founded four mathas ("monasteries"), which helped in the historical development, revival and spread of Advaita Vedanta of which he is known as the greatest revivalist. Adi Shankara is believed to be the organizer of the Dashanami monastic order and the founder of the Shanmata tradition of worship.

His works in Sanskrit concern themselves with establishing the doctrine of advaita (nondualism). He also established the importance of monastic life as sanctioned in the Upanishads and Brahma Sutra, in a time when the Mimamsa school established strict ritualism and ridiculed monasticism. Shankara represented his works as elaborating on ideas found in the Upanishads, and he wrote copious commentaries on the Vedic canon (Brahma Sutra, principal upanishads and Bhagavad Gita) in support of his thesis. The main opponent in his work is the Mimamsa school of thought, though he also offers arguments against the views of some other schools like Samkhya and certain schools of Buddhism.

The monastic structure of Sanatana Dharma is complex and organic, most monks belong to a parampara (lineage) or a monastic order. The Akhara vary in theology as well as size and influence; most are Smarta in practice, but three are considered Vaishnavite and a few are Saivite. There is plenty of respectful acceptances for different points of view among the groups and no dominance exists. Other large exist outside the Akharas, such as the Swaminarayan fellowship, the RamaKrishna Order and the Nathas of South India. Within each Akhara, most sannyasins are also associated with one of the dashanami lineages. Adi Shankara, who originated the dashanami system and did much to revitalize and improve the system of monastic orders.
Sadhus are in two broad categories, those who love in monastic communities and those who wander or live in solitude. The socially engaged Juna Akhara (The Juna Akhara is the largest of the thirteen akharas consisting of over 500,000 sadhus and five million sanyassis) consists of both types and is host to thousands of naga sadhus and maunis who strive to uplift the world by their silent existence, anonymously blessing society from secluded caves. Their lack of involvement maintains certain fluidity in the monastic order; these outlying branches of the family prevent the Acharya from becoming too central to the structure. During the monumental Kumbha Melas, the mountain dwelling Sadhus join their brothers of the same Akhara in a surprisingly harmonious weave, populating vast areas under colorful tents and new sannyasins are initiated by the Acharaya Mahamandaleshwar, usually by the thousands in a powerful event.  

Sringeri, is a hill town and taluk headquarters located in Chikmagalur district in the Indian state of Karnataka, is the site of the first maţha established by Adi Shankaracharya, Hindu theologian and exponent of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy, in the 8th century C.E. It is located on the banks of the river Tunga. It is also referred to as Dakshinamnaya Sringeri Sharada peetam. Following the tradition initiated by Adi Shankaracharya, the maţha is incharge of the Yajur Veda (the Krishna (Black) Yajurveda is more prevalent in South India, over which the maţha has authority in the Smarta tradition).The head of the matha is called Jagadguru (teacher of the world) and also carries the Shankaracharya name as a title.

The Govardhana matha is located in the city of Puri (Sea Shore) in Orissa state (India), and is associated with the Jagannath temple. It is one of those four cardinal mathas said to have been founded by Adi Shankara, and is the eastern matha. As per the tradition initiated by Adi Shankara, it is in charge of the Rig Veda. Padmapadacharya was the first pontiff appointed by Adi Shankara.

Dwarka stands at the shore of the Arabian Sea in Gujarat. The Dwaraka piţha or Dwaraka maţha is situated in the coastal city of Dwaraka, Gujarat which itself is a popular destination of pilgrimage for the Hindus, dedicated to Krishna. It is one of the four cardinal mathas said to have been founded by Adi Sankaracarya, and is the pascimamnaya matha, or western matha. It is also known as the Kalika Matha, and, as per the tradition initiated by Adi Shankara, is in charge of the Sama Veda.